In holometabolous insects, such as Drosophila, the nervous system undergoes dramatic remodeling to establish an adult-specific nervous system during metamorphosis: a transitional stage from larva to adult ( Kanamori et al., 2015a Truman, 1990). A typical example is stereotyped removal of axonal branches in layer 5 cortical neurons at an early postnatal stage in rats ( Stanfield et al., 1982). In vertebrates, neurons first develop exuberant connections with many targets at embryonic stages and eliminate improper ones postnatally to establish functional connectivity ( Schuldiner and Yaron, 2015). Pruning is a highly conserved process during the development of nervous systems in both vertebrates and invertebrates. ![]() One of such strategies is pruning that eliminates unnecessary neurites and connections, without causing neuronal death at a later developmental stage ( Luo and O'Leary, 2005 Yaniv and Schuldiner, 2016 Yu and Schuldiner, 2014). Finally, our data reveal that ER-to-Golgi transport promotes endocytosis and downregulation of the cell-adhesion molecule Neuroglian and thereby dendrite pruning.ĭuring animal development, neurons generate excessive cellular processes and connections at an earlier stage, and subsequently achieve accurate wiring via several regressive strategies ( Schuldiner and Yaron, 2015). Moreover, we show that two GTPases, Rab1 and Sar1, which are known to regulate ER-to-Golgi transport, are essential for dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons. Yip1 and Yif1 colocalize on ER/Golgi and are required for the integrity of Golgi apparatus and outposts. Yif1 forms a protein complex with Yip1 in S2 cells and ddaC neurons. We further identify that the Yif1-binding partner Yip1 is also crucial for dendrite pruning. We show that Yif1 is required for dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons but not for apoptosis of ddaF neurons. Here, in a clonal screen, we have identified Yif1, an uncharacterized Drosophila homolog of Yif1p that is known to be a regulator of ER-to-Golgi transport in yeast. However, the important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in dendrite pruning remains unknown. In Drosophila, ddaC sensory neurons specifically prune their larval dendrites with intact axons during metamorphosis. ![]() Pruning that selectively removes unnecessary neurites without causing neuronal death is essential for sculpting the mature nervous system during development.
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